What is Diabetes?

For our bodies to work properly we need to convert glucose (sugar) from food into energy. A hormone called insulin is essential for the conversion of glucose into energy.

In people with this illness, insulin is no longer produced or not produced in sufficient amounts by the body.

So when diabetics eat glucose, which is in foods such as breads, cereals, fruit and starchy vegetables, legumes, milk, yoghurt and sweets, it can’t be converted into energy.  Instead of being turned into energy the glucose stays in the blood. This is why blood glucose levels are higher in people with diabetes.

Glucose is carried around your body in your blood. Your blood glucose level is called glycaemia.

As defined by Diabetes_Australia. Refer link below about this government body.

The British Diabetic Association explains what the illness is this way;

Diabetes is caused when the pancreas is no longer able to produce sufficient insulin to control blood sugar levels. Diabetes occurs in several forms. The most common are type-I and type-II. In type I, the pancreas produces no insulin at all, and the onset is usually at a very early age. In type-II, the body does produce insulin, but the organism is resistant to it. Insulin is essential to control the blood sugar level. It is also needed to break down the glucose ingested with food when it reaches the muscles and liver and to metabolize any excess glucose stored in fat. Type-II is a true civilization disease, even though its causes have to this day not been identified. The main triggers are excess weight and lack of exercise.

Are you at risk? What are the signs of diabetes?

The two main symptoms of the untreated illness are severe frequent urination and excessive thirst. See the full list of symptoms of diabetes. read more.

Type 1 Diabetes

In type 1 the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach, stops making insulin. Without insulin, the body’s cells cannot turn glucose (sugar), into energy. Without insulin the body burns its own fats as a substitute. Unless treated with daily injections of insulin, people with type 1 accumulate dangerous chemical substances in their blood from the burning of fat. This can cause a condition known as ketoacidosis.This condition is potentially life threatening if not treated.

To stay alive, people with type 1 depend on up to four insulin injections every day of their lives. They must test their blood glucose levels several times daily. The onset of type 1 typically occurs in people under 30 years, but can occur at any age. About 10-15% of all cases of this disease are type 1.

What causes diabetes – Type 1

The exact cause of type 1 is not yet known, but we do know it has a strong family link and cannot be prevented. We also know that it has nothing to do with lifestyle, although maintaining a healthy lifestyle is very important in helping to manage type 1 of the illness.

At this stage nothing can be done to prevent or cure type 1.

Managing Type 1

While there is currently no cure for type 1, the illness can be managed through maintaining a healthy lifestyle, regular blood glucose testing and insulin.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 is the most common form of the illness, affecting 85-90% of all people with it. While it usually affects older adults, more and more younger people, even children, are getting type 2.

In type 2, the pancreas makes some insulin but it is not produced in the amount your body needs and it does not work effectively.

Type 2 of the illness results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although there is a strong genetic predisposition, the risk is greatly increased when associated with lifestyle factors such as high blood pressure, overweight or obesity, insufficient physical activity, poor diet and the classic ‘apple shape’ body where extra weight is carried around the waist.

Type 2 can often initially be managed with healthy eating and regular physical activity. However, over time most people with type 2 will also need tablets and many will also need insulin. It is important to note that this is just the natural progression of the disease, and taking tablets or insulin as soon as they are required can result in fewer complications in the long-term.

What causes diabetes – Type 2

While there is no single cause of type 2, there are well-established risk factors. Some of these can be changed and some cannot. You are at a higher risk of getting type 2 if you:

• have a family history of the illness
• are older (over 55 years of age ) - the risk increases as we age
• are over 45 years of age and are overweight
• are over 45 years of age and have high blood pressure
• are over 35 years of age and are from an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander background
• are over 35 years of age and are from Pacific Island, Indian subcontinent or Chinese cultural background
• are a women who has given birth to a child over 4.5 kgs (9 lbs), or had gestational diabetes when pregnant, or had a condition known as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Preventing Diabetes Type 2

It is estimated that up to 60% of type 2 can be prevented. People at risk of type 2 can delay and even prevent this disease by following a healthy lifestyle. This includes:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Regular physical activity
• Making healthy food choices
• Managing blood pressure
• Managing cholesterol levels
• Not smoking.

Eating Well with Diabetes

Choosing healthy foods and being active will help manage your blood glucose levels and your body weight. Healthy eating for people with the illness is similar to recommendations for everyone so there is no need to prepare separate meals or buy special foods. Healthy eating can be enjoyed by the whole family.

All people with this illness are advised to have a healthy eating plan, however, to control blood glucose levels in people with type 1 requires further consideration. This will require insulin or tablets.
 

Managing blood glucose levels for a person with type 1 requires matching the amount of insulin to the carbohydrate in the foods eaten. There are different types of insulin and various regimes. It is possible to be flexible about the time of meals and the amount of carbohydrate in meals and snacks. Individuals with type 1 need to know how to plan their food, insulin and activity to best manage their blood glucose levels. It is advisable that all people with type 1 attend a dietitian experienced in working with people with type 1 to help them develop their own suitable meal plan.

A diabetic diet is healthy, balanced and ample. It contains the right amount of complex carbohydrates for individual needs, an adequate amount of fibre and relatively little protein. There must be as little fat as possible, and then only with a high proportion of polyunsaturated. Finally there has to be sufficient vitamins and minerals and very little salt. Simple carbohydrates such as sugar, are to be avoided.

Substitute for sugar

Most diabetic people find it difficult to cut out sweet foods. It is totally unnecessary to do so, since using sweeteners in place of sugar can lend the desired sweetness to many foods and drinks without increasing their energy content and without having any effect on the blood sugar level.

The sugar substitute called stevia is worth looking into. Read more about stevia.In many countries it is sold in the mainstream supermarkets.

Be careful with sugar substitutes such as Sorbitol, Xylitol and Isomalt, which are often used in confectionery and diet foods. Although they are 'sugar free', they are not carbohydrate free. It must be taken into account that every gram contains about 2.4 calories. In addition, sugar substitutes can - sometimes even in small amounts - cause flatulence and diarrhea.

Final words about successful treatment
"Watch Your Weight"

Almost all type 2 people with the diabetic condition are overweight. Eating sensibly and losing weight are the most important factors in the treatment. Medication can also be important. However, it is often possible to bring raised serum lipids and blood sugar levels back to normal with a steady loss of weight and healthy eating habits.

If you are currently struggling remaining at your optimum weight for your height, consider getting back into shape before you develop signs of this preventable disease. See how you can achieve healthy weight loss. read more.

Most of the information presented above has been extracted from the largest and most reputable authorities on the subject in Australia, Britain and USA. For more detailed information visit their websites below and maybe even contribute a little donation toward their work. :-)

www.diabetes.org.uk.Diabetes_UK is the largest organization in the UK working for people with the illness, funding research, campaigning and helping people live with the condition.

www.diabetesaustralia.com.auDiabetes_Australia is a national federated body comprised of state and territory organisations supporting people with the illness and those professional and reserach bodies, particularly concerned with the treatment and prevention of disease.

www.diabetes.orgThe American_Diabetes_Association is leading the fight against the deadly consequences of the disease and fighting for those affected by it. The Association funds research to prevent, cure and manage the disease; delivers services to hundreds of communities; provides objective and credible information; and gives voice to those denied their rights because of it.

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